This type of lift subjects the beam to flexure (bending) and shear, with bending stress and lateral torsional buckling being the primary modes of failure. Home Depot Jobs In Casa Grande Az| Lifting Beam Calculation Excel Sheet. We understand that there are many factorsthat go into choosing the correct sling, wire rope, rigging hardware, or lifting device for a lift.Let our sales team help! Spreader bars for lifting and rigging consist of a beam with two or more lifting lugs on the bottom that attach to lifting slings that attach to the load. Following the procedures outlined in BTH-1, you can successfully design a below-the-hook lifting device that will handle the loads imposed on it. Flowering Black Tea Bloom, Spreader bars are a long beam that hold the legs of the lifting slings apart. Lifting beams / Spreader beams can be designed and made for general use or as bespoke one-offs for specific lifts . Search for jobs related to Spreader bar lifting device calculations and design or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 20m+ jobs. Block weight = 11,880 lbs. TheNavalArch has its own app for spreader beam design which performs all the checks diligently and can be used to either design a new spreader or check the suitability of an existing one for any lifting operation. We Universal engineering are the supreme supplier of Lifting beams especially spreader beams, Lifting slings and shackles , crane lifting and other hook lifting equipments all over the UAE. electrical component requirements for electrical components used to operate below-the-hook lifting devices. Reinforced Concrete Beam Design - Torsion Cl 8. The Lift-All Sling/Leg Length Calculator has been designed to assist you in selecting the appropriate size slings for your lifting applications. / Malvaux > Non class > spreader beam design spreadsheet / 16.02.22 spreader beam design spreadsheet . by Michael Harwood, PE, PMP Overview Lifting by crane is a basic construction operation that dates back to at least Sixth Century BC (ancient Greece for example) and the lifting operation itself dates back much further. Spreader beams are universally applied gear which is widely used in various types of lifting operations, onshore and offshore. All Liftmax spreader bars come standard with stainless steel data plates with individual serial numbers and RFID tracking and are proof tested to 125%. Spreader bars are normally made out of pipe and have top and bottom lifting points on opposing ends. Working closely with world class manufacturers, our engineers are highly trained to produce a product that complements a shop's manufacturing capabilities. Xls Lifting Beam Calculation Rev 4 Best Sriraj S Varier . Let our engineering team help design your custom spreader bar. Developed with the participation of the NSC, Bechtel, DPR Construction, GLY Construction, Kiewit, Liberty Mutual Insurance, and United Rentals, the VR Construction Hazard ID experience challenges trainees to inspect a jobsite and identify several risk domains including hand tools, lock out/tag out, lifting and rigging, dropped objects, and more! Your email address will not be published. Design of gantry crane, overhead crane, jib crane, monorail, retractable system, goods hoist, rigid crane & etc . Can I take the courses on my iPad or tablet? Drip Shield Gantry Mechanical Equipment Envelope Calculation 800-MQC-HEE0-00100-000-00B Rationale: The 10 % factor of safety is used to account for additional components (for example electrical components, electrical cabinets, cableways, cameras, etc. It is NOT intended to superceed any equipment manufacturers instructions, plant procedures, or regulatory requirements. Spreader Beam Calculation Xls October 31, 2016 - by Arfan - Leave a Comment Spreader bar design stress ysis lifting beams and spreaders pay one time for the spreheet it s offs heavy lift design and. Some bending may be experienced as the forces F1x and F2x are acting at the hole of the pad-eye, which is offset from the centerline of the spreader by some distance. Liftmax features an experienced in-house mechanical engineering, design and fabrication team that utilizes CAD, 3D engineering modeling, and FEA programs. Spreaders can come in different section shapes, the most common being I-beam, hollow circular, and hollow rectangular. All the figures, drawings, and pictures are property of thenavalarch except where indicated, and may not be copied or distributed without permission. Beam Calculator Free Online Shear and Moment Diagrams. Spreader Bar Calculation - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Spreader bars, lifting beams, and other below-the-hook lifting devices are classified based on the frequency and capacity of lifts that are required of the device. A simple lifting beam is shown below: We can see that it has a lifting eye at its top in the middle, while the eyes below are used to connect the slings to the lifted object. Toolbox Talks are an effective way to refresh workers safety and health knowledge as well as to promote safety culture daily. CUSTOM DESIGN & MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. ITI Safety Courses includes content originally developed by partner organization that can be further classified into the following sub-categories: ITI has curated a library of eLearning content from industry leading training companies and original equipment manufacturers, and associations, to create the largest library of crane and rigging specific training content in one place. Operator certification for the following crane and equipment types - Mobile, Overhead, Articulating Boom, Digger Derrick. Team TheNavalArch. I have extended your XLC Pro subscription by six months by way of thanks. Attending online provides all the same benefits of the full classroom experience, includes student workbook materials and supporting exercises, with the convenience of being remote. Note: According to ASME B30.20, proof testing is only a recommendation, not a requirement. Capacity Battery Lifting Beam Spreader Bar MTC HB-6000-PL. In this article, we will discuss designing a lifting beam according to ASME BTH-1. In this article, we will explore the design of a basic spreader beam and see what design checks are needed to establish the suitability of a spreader beam for particular lifting operation. Crane and rigging performance evaluations may focus on crane and rigging usage, inspection, and worker skill levels and have the potential to reveal current status compared to recommended improvements. classification of the lifting device based on frequency and capacity of lifts. Qualification and Certification Exams through NCCCO are offered. Videos, images, course catalogs, and more 10 Audit Points for Your Crane & Rigging Operations - An HSE Perspective2 Hours | Mike Parnell, ITI and Zack Parnell, ITI focus on 10 areas within cranes and rigging that you should audit. One-time vertical engineered lifts. Mens Closet Clothing| They go by many names and the terminology is useful, but names are trivial compared to the functional distinctions between beams themselves which can come in all shapes, styles and sizes. Browse our inventory of new and used HYDRA-FOLD AUGER INC. Spreader beams are designed to convert lifting loads into pure compressive forces and also spread apart the legs of a sling. ASME BTH-1 clearly defines rules for material selection and determining what kind of load would be permitted by the design in question. Would you suggest starting with a free platform Painting Brick Fireplace White| ECONOMICAL LIFTING BEAMS Adjustable Spreader/Lifting Beam (ASLB16) Rated Cap. Each of these models are Telescopic Spreader Beams rated at 60, 90 and 120 degree Sling . Leverage your professional network, and get hired. Spreader Bar Lifting Device Calculations And Design. The spreader beam discussed here is one with two lifting points, from which the lifting slings go vertically straight down to the lashing points on the cargo as shown in the figure below: At the outset, it is important to clarify the difference between a spreader and a lifting beam. The service class designates the number of load cycles, or fatigue life for which a beam is designed. The final document package can be used on the client's intra-web and in printed form to provide guidance for employees involved in standard and critical lifting activities. All rights reserved. We can see that it has a lifting eye at its top in the middle, while the eyes below are used to connect the slings to the lifted object. Unlike lifting beams which convert vertical lifting forces into . It is your responsibility to assure that the slings you use are appropriate for your application. ITI delivers the most robust Crane Simulation library in the world. Step 3: Determine the Weight of Object. (877) 240-4149. Spreader Bar Design Process A Guide To Designing Lifting. After completing the assessment, a short summary report is complied to help identify strengths, weaknesses, and everything in-between. Additionally, the need often arises for engineers and designers to create a custom lifting device for a specific project. The basic lifting beam is shown in Fig. ITI Crane Technician & Maintenance curriculum covers overhead and tower cranes. Custom lifting devices like spreader bars are always in compression and are designed with varying pipe diameters and thicknesses to obtain the proper design factor to meet the maximum rated capacity. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(78935, '160b9bb8-ddde-4c01-8b52-10a26747345d', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); Lifting beams and spreader bars have become an integral part of complex crane, rigging, and lifting activities. Therefore, we are looking at a beam that is lifted from the centre and loaded at the ends. This is your first post. The why and how of designing a lifting beam, Designing a pad-eye: little items with big intricacies, Preliminary Rigging Arrangement Design OF 4 point, Single Hook Lifts for Non-Specialists, Marine Lifting Engineering and Planning, Please register or login to read the full article. Though, because of many factors, structural design factors are benchmarked at different levels in design standards around the world. Part 46 of Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) regulations requires that new miners complete no less than 4 hours of training before they enter a mine site and that all miners take refresher training on an annual basis. 5. The difference lies in the way the forces are transmitted. Modulift offer several types of Spreader Frames and Lifting Frames for Multi-Point Lifts; please see below for further details of our Spreader Frames . However, a MorBar spreader bar will evenly distribute and stabilize the weight of the load, even for awkwardly shaped objects. Related Gallery: Train, assess, and qualify your crane operators more efficiently and authentically than ever. 3. Mr. Duerr has authored and released a book titled Telescopic Hydraulic Gantry Systems, and is preparing another work on mobile crane load spreading. Need an optimized and cost effective design as this required to be used only for two shade structures. Rigging Engineering Calculations Pdf. Disclaimer: This post is not meant to be authoritative writing on the topic presented. From distracted driving to industrial ergonomics, preventing fires to reducing stress, our General Safety products address issues that affect employees in their day-to-day job functions so they can start to work better and safer. tens. There are some rigorous calculations involved and if you are not an engineer, I would find one to do the design. The next step is to calculate the loads on the slings above the spreader, i.e., the line tensions in the slings 1 & 2. If you are looking for more information on BTH-1, feel free to contact us, or you can wait for future articles that will discuss applying BTH-1 to design of lifting beams and spreader bars in greater detail. The lifting classes are described in DIN 15018. design of lifting and tailing lugs pdf document. Conversely, for a telescopic spreader bar with a centre pick point and two slings out to the ends of the spreader bar the loading on the beam would be primarily compressive, although if the ends of the spreader bar are set up such that bending is applied to the ends of the spreader bar, then a combination of load calculations must be utilized. ITI is proud to team with partner organizations to support our custom's mission for safe and efficient material handling operations. wt. It is a very common operation in present-day by Rahul Kanotra | Aug 3, 2019 | Lifting Operations, Marine Operations. Many thanks! They are suspended by a crane from two slings and normally have two to four bottom slings attached for rigging to the load. Define all required inputs as above. Please try again. Email: cottagecore words messenger, Branson Attractions LLC Below-the-hook lifting devices such as spreader bars and lifting beams must be designed in accordance with ASME BTH-1 and are to be manufactured and used in accordance with requirements of ASME B30.20 which specifies requirements for marking, inspection, construction and operation. The 30-hour course is designed for supervisors or workers with some safety responsibility and covers a much wider range of topics. In addition to all the information previously discussed, ASME BTH-1 also addresses design requirements for mechanical design, electrical components and lifting magnets. A spreader beam is designed to take primarily compressive loads, as can be seen in the figure above. Lifting Lugs Design Calculation Excel Lifting Lug Design Spreadsheet Calculator Engineers Edge. Yes, the article did have a mistake, it should be the angle made with the vertical. Affordable Apartments Royal Oak, They are used for a variety of purposes too: from a simple seafastening of a cargo to deck of a vessel, to complicated lifting operations involving by prem | Jan 6, 2020 | Lifting Operations, Marine Operations. Ref: ASME BTH-1-2005 Design of Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, pages 23, 24 Lug thickness lug material above the hole diameter of hole pin diameter distance form center of hole to plate edge in the direction of the . Seamlessly orchestrate process-centric best pra Competently leverage others high standar Appropriately pontificate synergistic para digm Seamlessly syndicate out-of-the-box quality vec why did the ethiopian government fall in 1991, Small Batch Cosmetic Manufacturing Equipment Uk, dynamically add rows to table react native, what happens when you finish all classes in bully, rectangular bathroom mirror with rounded corners, project for primary classroom the tropical rainforest, greenery garland near rome, metropolitan city of rome, spreader bar lifting device calculations and design excel. The Loft Houston| We design with custom manufacturing engineering personnel lifting devices as well as our Liftmax line of spreader bars, lifting beams, material baskets, padeyes, lifting lugs, bottle/drum . This helps to avoid damage to the load, damage to rigging hardware and lifting slings, and helps keep the . The lift capacity of the beam is calculated based on the allowable stress (Orange Plot) and beam length. By pveng February 23rd, 2017 Uncategorized. Dear Weerawut Structural Analysis And Calculations TPS Engineering. lifting spreader beam design calculation, narbencreme sandoz 600 promedius co uk, lexikon der mechatronik wrterbuch deutsch englisch, russian gost standards in english translations catalogue, assessment of suspension arrangements tis gdv de, le live marseille aller dans les plus grandes soires, padeye calculation for lifting analysis scribd, e . As the consultant in Middle Eastern countries, we mainly focus on tip toe solutions on your lifting equipment needs. Lift Calculator. Spreader Bar Lifting Device Calculations and Design Spreader Beam Design Spreadsheet (www.thenavalarch.com) - YouTube Design and verification of lifting lugs - mec Engineering Spreadsheets 1 DESIGN DATA. [] ASME B30.20 & BTH-1: Introduction to Below the Hook Design []. Spreader beam design calculation xlsBy purchasing this spreadsheet you agree to the disclaimer and terms & conditions. When they . Below-the-hook lifting devices such as spreader bars and lifting beams must be designed in accordance with ASME BTH-1 and are to be manufactured and used in accordance with requirements of ASME B30.20 which specifies requirements for marking, inspection, construction and operation. Lifting beams are universally applied gear used widely in various types of lifting operations, onshore and offshore. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. Design Factors Under ASME BTH-1, two design factors exist to allow the designer to match strength to service. The Pivot Point Calculator is used to calculate pivot points for forex (including SBI FX), forex options, futures, bonds, commodities, stocks, options and any other investment security that has a high, low and close price in any time period. How do I access or download course materials? like WordPress or go for a paid option? Operator training from ITI encompasses options for all operator skill and experience levels on all crane types used in construction and general industry. A spreader beam is designed to take primarily compressive loads, as can be seen in the figure above. They are suspended by a crane from two slings and normally have two to four bottom slings attached for rigging to the load. Good morning, I am about to download your lifting beam spreadsheet, however, would like to ash a question in relation to the use of spreader beam with top lift slings supporting beam and main lift slings are attached to hook extend down past beam to the load. the Checklist for Lift Planning and Weather Factors exhibits, found in the Lifting Safety Subject Area, as tools for evaluating the area of operation and potential. It seem to be not correct. ExcelCalcs is a community who share an interest in making calculations with MS Excel. by mobile, EU +44 113 8152220 Spreader Frames and Lifting Frames are recommended for loads that have more than two lifting points; they can also be the ideal lifting equipment for when headroom is limited. 1. In this article, we will explore the design of a basic lifting beam and see what design checks are needed to establish the suitability of the beam for by Team TheNavalArch | Apr 5, 2020 | Lifting Operations, Marine Operations, Marine Transportation, Ship Structural Engineering. ITI conducts a variety of crane training courses that support end-users from operators to inspectors, and assembly/disassembly directors on all crane types including mobile (all variations), overhead, articulating boom, pedestal, and tower. Your figure is show angle made with vertical. Spreader Bar Lifting Device Calculations and Design - ExcelCalcs helping you make and share engineering calculations. Page 1 of 1. Whether you need to provide seat time to beginners or operators prepping to take the NCCCO exams, we have over 1000 scenarios to test your skills. DESIGN LOADS HAVE BEEN INCREASED BY DESIGN FACTOR. Let's learn what an absolute expert has to say about lifting beams, spreader bars, and the design thereof. They're "below-the-hook" lifting devices that stabilize and support loads, and both are used to keep slings perpendicular to the horizon while moving. These lugs attach to a lifting sling which can be made from chain, wire rope, round or web slings to evenly "spread" the weight of the load and connect to a crane, hoist, or other lifting machine. Depending on your jurisdiction, there are design considerations, guidelines, and regulations. Congratulations! Spreader bars can be made in a variety of lengths, connection types, & capacities. Models include the TSB1103, TSB1106, TSB 1204, TSB 1304, TSB1306, TSB1504 and TSB1506. Gantry Crane If you use simple beam calculations as has been mentioned the caster is the weakest link in a gantry crane Lifting . The most common lifting device Bishop Lifting fabricates is the Liftmax, Liftmax Spreader Bars are efficient at redirecting rigging from separated lift points to a single collector point. Bent bar hooks allow for 2" wide sling eyes lifting lug calculation asme mechanical code issues. Spreader bar ends to be greased to reduce friction, sling angle for main slings 30 degrees (included angle 60 deg). Most erectors and riggers accumulate an assortment of lifting beams during the course of time. YES NO ASD cl ref 1. There can be some lateral-torsional buckling too if it is an I-beam spreader. 5 (2012) Drilling and production lifting equipment (PSL 1 & PSL 2) Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC. (Reduced head room). Need design drawing and calculation of Lifting Beam/Spreader beam and structure for lifting 15 Tone of Timbre shade structure (approx. CAD design for lifting beams & spreader bars from DLH Online. Lifting beams are an engineered product designed and made to suit the load to be lifted, Hoist UK's design team is available to assess and advise on your specific requirements and can provide a lifting beam solution for your needs. If however you have larger capacities or specialist requirements, we can design, engineer and manufacture a suitable . At Universal Engineering, no client would be having a void of worry as we cover everything from start to finish. TSOC offers Short Span, Standard Duty, Basket Sling, Universal Lifting, Adjustable Lifting, Four Point Sack, Four Point Adjustable, and Adjustable Telescopic spreader beams for cranes. Rig your spreader beam correctly As an example, if you were to hoist a large rectangular load, the safest way to set the chains or slings is to have a two leg chain sling below each end of the spreader beam lifting points. Some common profiles are shown in Fig. Lug Analysis Calculator MechaniCalc. The more accurately these load characteristicsare known, the lower the design factor can be and still provide adequate safety. Download Brochure. SPARTA ENGINEERING is a leader in mechanical design for manufacturing. The total is 8 tons (16 kips), including the weight of Ad 303 the lifting beam. (Available here), 2. Fundamentals of Rigging Engineeringis ideal for lift planners, rigging engineers, and other key personnel who plan and execute crane and rigging activities. Bohemian Living Room Ideas| The allowable bending stress is a product of calculations from BTH-1, and the lift capacity is calculated from the allowable bending stress. They are best in use for off-center load adjustments. Small Batch Cosmetic Manufacturing Equipment Uk, Here is a picture of the spreader bar arrangement. ITI online courses are ideal for small groups that want to standardize training but dont have the time or budget to dedicate to live training. female duck anatomy diagram; combi food truck for sale; best restaurants near hyde park london; map of oakland county, michigan Spreader bars and lifting beams have quite a bit in common. Sorry for the late response guys, had to make a trip out of the country. by Skype or Crane, rigging, and wire rope failure analysis is provided for clients who experience accidents. Fig 3: Forces and moments on lifting beam. For beams, the concrete only works in compression over a .. Beam Slenderness Ratio: Calculate the slenderness ratio of a wood beam. Spreader bars, lifting beams, and other below-the-hook lifting devices are classified based on the frequency and capacity of lifts that are required of the device. Paint Over Bathroom Tile| January 31, 2013 PVEng The lifting force acting on the padeye is caused by the weight of the structure and the equipment used. Basepoint Engineering lifting beams and spreader bars are typically designed as Service Class 0, which is for 0-20,000 load cycles, although beams with different service classes can be designed on request. A design report with the necessary padeye design calculations and lift point design calculations The design calculation will be the basis for shackle and lifting set sizing, design, testing issued for. HSSLB HSDLB HBSLB HUNVB HALB HFPSL HFPAB HATSB HBXRB Various other jurisdictions have similar requirements. Findings can be used to modify rigging practices or in preparation for litigation. Weve corrected the same. Build skills and assess competency with immersive simulations for individuals working around construction sites and on overhead cranes. Contribute to new offerings and participate in updates to existing offerings by joining an ITI TAG! ITI maintains some of the industry's most highly-regarded experts in cranes, rigging, and wire rope. Also the named cells lug_Fu and Lug_FY appear to be incorrectly used giving #VALUE errors on Sheet 'Lift Beam Analysis'. Home Depot Kingshighway| Just like lifting beams, spreader beams are used to widen the available lifting points on rigged loads and keep lifting slings at a 90 angle relative to the horizon. They understand the tasks and issue you face everyday and teach the skills you need to succeed. Fortunately, on earth, physics does not change depending on your locale, so carefully crafted design considerations in one jurisdiction should "work" in others. Services are provided for clients with claims concerning crane and rigging practices and suitability of equipment. I read this article, it is very well explanation. Liftmax Spreader Bars are efficient at redirecting rigging from separated lift points to a single collector point. Your email address will not be published. load over live facility(75% of chart) angle pai - kuparuk eff. The sling lengths are to be accordingly adjusted. A pair of lifting eye assemblies are connected during the lifting operation at each respective end portion of the bar, each forming a connection with an above supporting bridle line and a depending lift line, each of the lifting eye assemblies comprising in part a socket of . Next, we analyze the loads which affect the spreaders design. How To Clean Grease Off Microwave Over Stove| Square or rectangular frame, typically made from square tube or I-beam. In no way does thathipsterlife.com claim ownership or responsibility for such items, and you should seek legal consent for any use of such materials from its owner. Refer to the Manufacturer's Specifications or Catalog Data. ITIs Learning Strategy Assessment is designed to help our customers identify their learning and development priorities. Because of the forces acting spreader beams are highly efficient. Lifting beam vs Spreader beam. We check the capacity of a Spreader Beam SB-170 that supports up to 170 tons and check that it reaches that capacity at 20m but only at 20.. 2. Modulift modular spreader beams provide the ideal solution - versatile and cost-effective, the range has capacity from 2 to 3000t with spans up to 100m/330' About. Square tubing design with adjustment pins. It is expected that the lift point which is closer to the COG will take more load. Models include GRAVITY BOX AUGER. calculations, home strength beams spreader bar lifting device calculations and design spreader bar lifting device calculations and design this excel calculation can be downloaded by excelcalcs subscribers please login or subscribe , in this video you learn how Spreader Bar Lifting Device Calculations and Design April 9th, 2019 - Home Strength Beams Spreader Bar Lifting Device Calculations and Design Spreader Bar Lifting Device Calculations and Design This Excel calculation can be downloaded by ExcelCalcs subscribers Please login or Subscribe LEEA Guidance The Verification of Lifting Beams 1 / 6 Actual shear stress (fv) = 0.43 N/mm2 SAFE FOS = 107.4 > 1.2 D. Check for combined Axial and Bending stress Ref ASME BTH1-2005 - Clause 3 . Designing and Manufacturing Modular Spreader Beam Systems for a Cost-Effective, Safe Lift. Calculation ReferenceLifting Design Structural Steel Safe Working Load Design, US +1 617 5008224 Search for jobs related to Spreader bar lifting device calculations and design or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 22m+ jobs. Industry Associations and Certification Organizations, Full Virtual Instructor-Led Training Schedule, 10 Audit Points for Your Crane & Rigging Operations - An HSE Perspective, 50 Important Crane & Rigging Resources for Your Library, 4 Heavy Lift Challenges in Power Generation Environments. Whether you are new to crane and rigging or a seasoned veteran, we have online courses to support your training need. These points are where calculations switch according to BTH-1, due to the beam length (There are several different calculations for allowable stress which are dependent on the beam properties and beam length, with different calculations for different lengths of beams). mechanical design requirements for the mechanical components (sheaves, wire rope, gears, bearings, shafts, fasteners). Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. Spreader bars are normally made out of pipe and have top and bottom lifting points on opposing ends. Liftmax Spreader Bars are suitable where headroom does, Aluminum Walk Boards & Offshore Rated Scaffolding, Hydrostatic Testing Equipment & Diesel Test Pumps, Cygnus Gauges & CP Probes / Mag Particle Lights. There was an error submitting your subscription. We verify by the formula of question # 3 that for the 20 configuration we require a height of 1.37X, that is, 27.4 meters of height, which exceeds the predetermined height requirement in this example case.. I hope this article makes you wonder if the engineers you are currently using are just tossing their lifting beam designs into solidworks and applying loads rather than doing the full calculations required by the code. Design of steel column & runway beam. SPREADER BEAMS MODEL 439 SPREADER BEAM. Have a custom project? . The spreader bar increases load stability by raising the suspension point away from the center of gravity. 1 A typical lifting beam. Modify Trading calculations 6 days left. The more accurately these load characteristicsare known, the lower the design factor can be and still provide adequate safety.
Pintuck Plus Size Tops, Why Did Cara Delizia Leave So Weird, Petition For Writ Of Mandate California Sample, Articles S