Are there left-wing dictators? - Quora [1]:71. [103] Belarus under the rule of Alexander Lukashenko has been described as "the last European dictatorship",[109][110] though the rule of Vladimir Putin in Russia has also been described as a dictatorship. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. If the head of state serves for life or is not popularly elected or a fixed term, then the democracy is parliamentary.[1]. The dictatorship of Francisco Franco in Spain , from 1939 to 1975. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. List of monarchs of fictional countries - Wikipedia Like the two individuals above, Imelda Marcos gained her power through being the wife of a military dictator. First is that an autocracy nearly always focuses power in a single individual person, whereas dictatorshipssingle-party dictatorships in particularsometimes spread the power throughout a small group of people (say, the leaders of the dictator's political party). Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. Explore a few of the famous ones. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. 1. Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. Latin America's new generation of dictators - DW - 01/12/2022 One of the reasons for this is the fact that the military often has more cohesion and institutional structure than most of the civilian institutions of society. [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. [8]:455 Some countries (such as Spain, Belgium, Germany, and Israel) require that the vote of no confidence also specify who is going to replace the sitting government to minimize the time without an interim government, essentially replacing one government with another. [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President Examples of Dictatorship | YourDictionary Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. This instability in turn required rulers to become increasingly authoritarian to stay in power, further propagating dictatorship in Africa. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. 8 Current Dictators as of 2018 - The Borgen Project [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. Cinhil Aymeric Nygel Haldane, 22nd king of Gwynedd who shortly reigned in 1025. Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. [128]. Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. Political system - Dictatorship | Britannica The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. If the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term then, the democracy is mixed or semi-presidential. There's no room for opposition or . [144] Since the end of the Cold War, more dictatorships have established "semi-competitive" elections in which opposition is allowed to participate in elections but is not allowed to win, with approximately two-thirds of dictatorships permitting opposition candidates in 2018. [95] A similar phenomenon took place in Korea, where Kim Il-sung created a Soviet-backed communist dictatorship in North Korea[96] and Syngman Rhee created a US-backed nationalist dictatorship in South Korea. [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. The military takes control of the country (usually through a direct coup), installs the dictator of its choosing (typically the highest-ranking military officer), and uses force of arms to preserve its power. [60] During the L dynasty of Vietnam between the 16th and 18th centuries, the country was under de facto military rule by two rival military families: the Trnh lords in the north and the Nguyn lords in the south. The legislature must be popularly elected. The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. [87] Populist movements were strengthened following the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, producing populist dictatorships in several Latin American countries. Below are the world's most authoritarian regimes: 21. This is a list of countries, nations, and states governed or ruled by a dictatorship, is sorted alphabetically and contains some information about each nation, such as the capital, and even the official language or currency of the country. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. [136], Dictatorships are typically more aggressive than democracy when in conflict with other nations, as dictators do not have to fear electoral costs of war. If you think that today's world is all about democracy, human rights, and freedoms, you live in a total illusion and you should definitely read our list of 15 countries with dictatorships today. In a dictatorial government, power rests with one supreme ruler. People living under a dictatorship are often persecuted for unethical reasons, including their religion, sexual orientation, or economic status. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? Unfortunately, democracy is still shaky in many countries, a number of which are fighting violent religious insurrections, and the likelihood of any fallen dictator being quickly replaced by another dictator is high. [140] Elections are also used to control elites within the dictatorship by requiring them to compete with one another and incentivizing them to build support with the populace, allowing the most popular and most competent elites to be promoted in the regime. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. [1][8]:454 It is important to note that these names do not have to correspond to the official or colloquial titles of any of the countries offices. Teodoro Obiang Nguesma Mbasogo overthrew his uncle Macias in 1979 in a bloody coup. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Totalitarian Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. Dictatorship - Definition, Examples, Cases, Processes - Legal Dictionary 1. [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. The . The Deadliest Dictator Regimes In History - WorldAtlas In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. Political culture: 5.00. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. Communist dictatorships in the region aligned with China following the latter's establishment as a communist state. [111][112][113] Latin America saw a period of liberalization similar to that of Europe at the end of the Cold War, with Cuba being the only Latin American country that did not experience any degree of liberalization between 1992 and 2010. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. [42] Within a personalist regime an issue called "The dictators dilemma" arises. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. Examples of Fascism. [104] A one-party communist dictatorship was formed in Cuba when a US-backed dictatorship was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution, creating the only Soviet-backed dictatorship in the western hemisphere. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. US Provides Military Assistance to 73 Percent of World's Dictatorships A political rival accused Obiang of cannibalism in 2004, but no evidence to support the claim has ever surfaced. [106], The nature of dictatorship changed in much of the world at the onset of the 21st century. But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. ], Based on the regime binary classification idea proposed by Alvarez in 1996,[5] and the Democracy and Development (or DD measure, ACLP dataset) proposed by Przeworski et al. 10 Biggest Countries Ruled by Dictators - Insider Monkey Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. Democracy - Our World in Data [1]:68 The figures at the left show the results in 1988 and 2008. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. The dictator is the absolute ruler. Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. [26] Ruling parties in one-party dictatorships are distinct from political parties that were created to serve a dictator in that the ruling party in a one-party dictatorship permeates every level of society. Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. Dictatorship Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. Dictatorships can be formed by a military coup that overthrows the previous government through force or by a self-coup in which elected leaders make their rule permanent. Synonyms for DICTATORSHIP: tyranny, autocracy, fascism, authoritarianism, totalitarianism, despotism, absolutism, autarchy; Antonyms of DICTATORSHIP: democracy . In their book "Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders", authors Natasha M. Ezrow and Erica Frantz lay out five types of dictatorships: Power is obtained and maintained through military might. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. Freedom House, the Polity data series, and the Democracy-Dictatorship Index are three of the most used data series by political scientists. Adolf Hitler - WORST DICTATOR. Francois Duvalier (1907 - 1971) The Haitian dictator, also known as Papa Doc, governed the Americas' poorest country from 1957 to he died in 1971. A dictator may have a team of officials who advise him or her and help keep the government running, but these officials ultimately have very little control or influence. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. Chad. [8]:454 The government composes the chief executive and the heads of the executive departments. [90] These new African governments were marked by severe instability, which provided opportunities for regime change and made fair elections a rare occurrence on the continent. Malcolm Congal Aidan Julian Haldane, 23rd king of Gwynedd, reigned 1025 to 1074. Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. Ruling parties allow a dictatorship to more broadly influence the populace and facilitate political agreement between party elites. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. They are in civil war, but the dictator is. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. [1], The dictator exercises broad power over the government and society, but other individuals are necessary to carry out the dictator's rule. The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. 1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". Latin America's new generation of dictators. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. Top 10 Dictatorship Countries - The Borgen Project If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. China - Communist Regime 4. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. They differ from other forms of dictatorships in that the dictator has greater access to key political positions and the government's treasury, and they are more commonly subject to the discretion of the dictator. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. 1. Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. Venezuela has a presidential government. These nationalist movements supported non-alignment, keeping most Middle Eastern dictatorships out of the American and Soviet spheres of influence. Some countries, such as Sweden, instead charge another person entirely with choosing the head of government, such as the presiding officer of the legislative assembly. #SOSCuba. Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. [73], Dictatorships in Latin America persisted into the 20th century, and further military coups established new regimes, often in the name of nationalism. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change.
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